Text-Justify, Volume, and Other Style Sheet Properties - Volume
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volume
IE n/a NN n/a Moz n/a Saf n/a Op n/a CSS 2
Inherited: No
For aural style sheets, this sets the dynamic range (softness/loudness) of the spoken element. Because normal speech has inflections that prevent an absolute volume to apply at all times, the volume property sets the median volume.
CSS Syntax
volume: number | percentage | volumeConstant
Value
A volume number value is any number. A value of zero should represent the minimum audible level for the equipment and ambient noise environment; a value of 100 should represent the maximum comfortable level under the same conditions. A percentage value is calculated relative to the parent element’s volume property setting. Alternative settings include the following constants (and their representative values): silent (no sound) | x-soft (0) | soft (25) | medium (50) | loud (75) | x-loud (100).
Initial Value medium
Applies To All elements.
white-space
IE 5(Mac)/5.5(Win) NN 4 Moz all Saf all Op all CSS 1
Inherited: Yes
Sets how the browser should render whitespace (extra character spaces and carriage returns) that is part of the element’s source code. Under normal circumstances, HTML ignores extra whitespace and thus collapses the rendered content around such space. For example, only single spaces are preserved between words, and br elements are required to force a line break within a paragraph. A whitespace property setting of pre treats whitespace as if you had surrounded the element in a pre element. Although browsers have a tradition of rendering pre elements in a monospace font, the look of an ordinary element set to white-space: pre preserves its font characteristics.
CSS Syntax
white-space: whiteSpaceType
Value
One of five constants: normal | nowrap | pre | pre-line | pre-wrap (the last two are extensions to the pre value, new to CSS2.1) A value of normal allows regular HTML treatment of whitespace to rule. A value of nowrap (not available in Navigator 4) tells the browser to ignore line breaks in the source text (in case the author breaks up lines for readability in the editor) and break them on the page only where there are explicit HTML line breaks (with a br element, for example). A value of pre has the browser honor all whitespace entered by the author in the source content, without adjusting any font settings of the element.
Initial Value
normal
Example
div.example {white-space: pre}
Applies To
All elements.
widows
IE 5(Mac) NN 6 Moz n/a Saf n/a Op 7 CSS 2
Inherited: Yes
Sets the minimum number of lines of a paragraph that must be visible at the top of a page after a page break occurs. See the orphans property for lines to be displayed at the bottom of a page before a page break.
CSS Syntax
widows: lineCount
Value An integer of the number of lines.
Initial Value 2
Applies To Block-level elements.
width
IE 4 NN 4 Moz all Saf all Op all CSS 1
Inherited: No
Sets the width of a block-level, replaced, and positioned element’s content width (exclusive of borders, padding, and margins).
IE for Windows counts left and right margins, padding, and borders when calculating the width of an element until you reach IE 6 in standards compatibility mode (see the DOCTYPE element in Chapter 1). When observing the CSS standards, the width applies to only the content portion of an element, irrespective of borders, padding, or margins.
CSS Syntax
width: length | percentage | auto
Value
See the discussion about length values at the beginning of this chapter. The setting of auto lets the browser determine the width of the element box based on the amount of space required to display the content within the current window width.
Initial Value auto
Example
div#announce {position: relative; left: 30; width: 240}
textarea {width: 80%}
Applies To
Navigator 4, all absolute-positioned elements; Internet Explorer 4, applet, div, embed, fieldset, hr, iframe, img, input , marquee , object , span , table , and textarea elements; Internet Explorer 5, Mozilla, Safari, and Opera, all elements except nonreplaced inline elements, table column elements, and column group elements.
Object Model Reference
[window.]document.getElementById("elementID").style.width
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 This article is excerpted from chapter four of Dynamic HTML: The Definitive Reference, Third Edition, written by Danny Goodman (O'Reilly; ISBN: 0596527403). Check it out today at your favorite bookstore. Buy this book now.
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