Building Cross-Browser Background Effects with PNG Images - Building a web page gradient that will work the majority of modern browsers
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Here's a complete example that shows how to build the same gray-colored web page gradient that you learned in the beginning of this article. This time, however, it includes the CSS workaround that will use the "AlphaImageLoader" when working with IE 6 and below to consistently display the corresponding PNG background image.
Here is the source code for this example:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Sample web page with PNG-based background (cross-browser version)</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
<style type="text/css">
body{
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
h1{
padding: 5px;
margin: 0;
font: bold 12px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
color: #000;
}
h2{
padding: 7px 5px 8px 5px;
margin: 0;
background: #fc0;
font: bold 12px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
color: #000;
}
p{
font: normal 12px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
color: #000;
}
#header{
width: 780px;
padding: 10px;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
background: #fc0;
}
#navbar{
width: 780px;
padding: 10px;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
background: #ffc;
}
#navbar ul{
list-style: none;
}
#navbar li{
display: inline;
padding-right: 4%;
}
#navbar a:link,#navbar a:visited{
font: normal 12px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
color: #039;
text-decoration: none;
}
#navbar a:hover{
text-decoration: underline;
}
#mainwrapper{
clear: both;
width: 800px;
height: 100%;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
overflow: hidden;
background: #fff;
}
#mainwrapper .leftcol{
position: relative;
float: left;
}
#mainwrapper .rightcol{
position: relative;
float: right;
}
#leftbar{
width: 180px;
padding: 10px;
}
#centerbar{
float: left;
width: 380px;
padding: 10px;
background: #fff;
}
#rightbar{
width: 180px;
padding: 10px;
}
#footer{
clear: both;
width: 780px;
padding: 10px;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
background: #fc0;
}
.contbox{
padding: 10px;
margin-bottom: 10px;
background: #eee;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
}
.gradient{
background: #fff url(bg.png) left top repeat-x;
}
/* use the * html CSS hack to render an alpha-based transparent background */
* html .gradient{
background: #fff;
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader(src='bg.png',
sizingMethod='scale');
}
</style>
</head>
<body class="gradient">
<div id="header">
<h1>This is the header section of the web page</h1>
<p>Contents for header section go here. Contents for header section go here. Contents for header section go here. Contents for header section go here.</p>
</div>
<div id="navbar">
<h1>This is the navigation bar of the web page</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#">Link 1</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link 2</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link 3</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link 4</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link 5</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link 6</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="mainwrapper">
<div id="leftbar" class="leftcol">
<h2>Section title</h2>
<div class="contbox">
<p>Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here.</p>
</div>
<h2>Section title</h2>
<div class="contbox">
<p>Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="centerbar" class="leftcol">
<h2>Section title</h2>
<div class="contbox">
<p>Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here.</p>
<p>Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here.</p>
<p>Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here. Contents for center column go here.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="rightbar" class="rightcol">
<h2>Section title</h2>
<div class="contbox">
<p>Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here.</p>
</div>
<h2>Section title</h2>
<div class="contbox">
<p>Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here. Contents for left column go here.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer">
<h1>This is the footer section of the web page</h1>
<p>Contents for footer section go here. Contents for footer section go here. Contents for footer section go here. Contents for footer section go here. Contents for footer section go here.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
After studying the above example, you should have a clear idea of how it functions, since it’s very easy to grasp. As you can see, the “gradient” CSS class defined earlier is assigned to the body element of the pertinent web page using either the conventional dot notation (. class name) or the * html selector, depending on the browser being utilized.
You can see how the respective web page gradient is neatly displayed by IE 6 and below by taking a look at the following screen shot:
Not too bad, right? So far, I've taught you how to use a simple CSS hack to build PNG-based web page backgrounds that are displayed consistently by most modern browsers. But the best way to master this technique is through practice, so use all the code samples shown here to create your own, and start taking advantage of alpha-based transparency.
Final thoughts
In this second chapter of the series, you learned how to utilize an Internet Explorer proprietary filter in order to build professional-looking web page gradients. These are constructed using only one PNG image, along with a solid background color. This resolves the problems that the Microsoft browser has when it comes to working with alpha-based transparency.
However, as you can imagine, this approach can be easily applied to other web page elements. This will be the main topic of the next part of the series, so you don’t have any excuses to miss it!
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